Smart Helmet Project to Avoid Accidents

Introduction:

In today’s era, especially in the young generation, the craze of motorbikes is really remarkable. As the bikers in our country are increasing, the road mishaps are also increasing day by day, due to which many deaths occur, most of them are caused by the negligence in wearing helmet. And one of the reasons for this accident is alcohol consumption. Even though breath analyzers are used to detect whether the rider has consumed alcohol or not by the traffic department, it is difficult to check each and every rider on the road. Most of the deaths will occur since the injured person is not given proper medical attention.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned problem we are designing an intelligent system that prevents road accidents and detects alcohol consumption and also this will be able to detect crashes and will be able to notify quickly the accident to a predefined number.

The alcohol sensor would be used to detect the presence of alcohol in the blood, the project can detect whether the person is drunk or not. if found drunken then it won’t allow the bike to start. if the person doesn’t put on the helmet in that case, the bike will not start. the project won’t allow the bike to start if he doesn’t put the helmet on his head and also won’t allow the bike to start if he has taken alcohol.

If after starting the bike, he drinks alcohol or tries to take out the helmet then the system will audio-visual indication in the form of a buzzer and 10 mm LED.

Here in this project first step is to identify whether the helmet is worn or not. If the helmet is worn then the ignition will start otherwise it remains off. For this, the Helmet press button is used. The second step is alcohol detection. An alcohol sensor is used as a breath analyser which detects the presence of alcohol in the rider’s breath and if it exceeds the permissible limit ignition cannot start. MQ-3 sensor is used for this purpose. When these two conditions are satisfied then only ignition starts. The third main issue is accidents and late medical help. If the rider has met with an accident, he may not receive medical help instantly, which is one of the main reasons for death. Every second people die due to delays in medical help. To Detect the accident we are going to use a Magnetic Sensor and as soon as an accident would be detected the message will be sent to the family members so that they can take care of their family members.

The aim of this project is to make à protection system in a helmet for the safety of bike riders. There are two modules in this project

Abstract

A smart helmet is a type of protective headgear used by the rider which makes bike driving safer than before. The main purpose of this helmet is to provide safety for the rider. This can be implemented by using advanced features like alcohol detection, accident identification, location tracking, use as a hands free device, fall detection. This makes it not only a smart helmet but also a feature of a smart bike. It is compulsory to wear the helmet, without which the ignition switch cannot turn ON. An RF Module can be used as wireless link for communication between transmitter and receiver. If the rider is drunk the ignition gets automatically locked, and sends a message to the registered number with his current location. In case of an accident it will send a message through GSM. The distinctive utility of the project is fall detection; if the rider falls down from the bike or got into an accident it sends a message.

Objective:

The main objective of the project is to design a low-cost intelligent helmet that is capable of identifying alcohol consumption and preventing road accidents. This system is capable of providing security and safety of the bikers against road accidents. The circuit is so designed that the bike won’t start without wearing helmet and if the rider is drunk. And in case of accident, GSM system will globally locate the biker and immediate message will be sent to the family members about the accident.

Block Diagram of Intelligent Helmet System

Here we designed a system which checks the two conditions before the ignition of the engine. The first condition is whether the rider is wearing a helmet or not and it is detected by a position sensor. The second condition is the detection of alcohol content in the rider’s breath with the help of an alcohol sensor. If any of the two or both conditions are violated then the bike will not start. If the rider is wearing a helmet and the alcohol content is not detected then the ignition of the engine starts.

If any accident occurs then a piezoelectric sensor detects it and a short message service will be sent to the predefined numbers using a GSM modem. If there is no accident t hen vehicle reaches its destination.

This system first checks to wear of the helmet with the help of 3 axis accelerometer and if the rider is wearing the helmet system checks for the content of alcohol in the rider’s breath using an

alcohol sensor MQ3.In case the alcohol content is not detected pic microcontroller receives data from these sensors and gives digital data to the RF transmitter connected to it.RF transmitter will send this data to the RF receiver which is connected to another pic microcontroller this in turn runs the motor connected to it. If any of the above two conditions are violated motor which is connected to the pic microcontroller won’t work and this will be indicated by a beep sound.

A Magnetic Sensor is used to detect the accident of the bike.

Main Sections of the Project

1. 1 Transmission section ( On Helmet ):- This will detect whether the person is drunk or not. And it will also detect whether the helmet is put on the head or not. RF Transmitter will send this signal wirelessly to the bike.

1. 2 Receiver Section ( On Bike ):- This section will receive the signal from the helmet section and will give it to the microcontroller unit to process. here the microcontroller will decide whether the ignition system should be off or on with the help of the ignition control relay unit. An LCD here will also display what is happening in the project.

Circuit Diagram

Transmitter Side circuit diagram of the project “Smart Helmet”

Reciever Side circuit diagram of the project “Smart Helmet”

MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor

The MQ-3 gas sensor shown in Figure 2 is used for identifying the alcohol content from breath. It can be positioned just in front of the mouth. The sensor responds to various molecules in alcohol and determines if the rider is drunk. The sensor also has a potentiometer to adjust the concentration of gases. We calibrate the detector for 0.4mg/L of alcohol concentration in air and use a resistance of 200 KΩ. It has 4 pins namely GND, VCC, A out and D out. The sensor supports both analog and digital outputs. Here we use the digital output of this sensor.

It is impossible for police to check each and every vehicle for drunken drivers, so an effective system which automatically prevents drunken driving is needed. MQ-3gas sensor (alcohol sensor) is suitable for detecting alcohol content from the breath. So it can be placed just below the face shield and above the additional face protection. The surface of the sensor is sensitive to various alcoholic concentrations. Generally, the illegal consumption of alcohol during driving is 0.08mg/L as per the government act. But for demonstration purposes, we programmed the threshold limit as 0.04mg/L.

RF communication circuit

An RF transmitter module is a small PCB of the RF Transmitter Section and RF Reciever Section. RF Transmitter Section will collect signals from Alcohol Sensor and Helmet press button and will wirelessly transmit them at a frequency of 433MHZ. on the other side, the RF receiver section will receive the Signal transmitted by RF transmitter Section.

GSM MODULE:-

GSM is a global system for mobile communication and is used to send messages to pre-programmed numbers. The modulation technique used is GSMK. The protocol used by the GSM modem for setup and control is based on the Hayes AT-Command set. AT is the abbreviation of Attention. GMAT commands are extension commands.

Concealed Magnetic Sensor:

Basically, these are the Read switches. Reed Switches will be on or off depending on whether a magnet is in their vicinity or not. Here in the project, these magnetic sensors are used to detect the occurrence of Accidents. to know more about how they work. please watch the given video.

Simulation of the Project Smart Helmet:

You can download the simulation of the project smart by clicking the link given below.

Click Here

Video Demonstration of the Project Smart Helmet:

We have made various versions of the project “Smart Helmet”. one by one I am going to give links to each and every project below:

Model 1 – How to make a Smart Helmet Project | Project #253

Model 2 – How to make Smart Bike Helmet with accident alert system project – #252

Model 3 – Smart Helmet project demo using Atmega328 Microcontroller | with details – Project #251

Model 4 – Smart Helmet project with license based Authentication to start the bike – with details Project #254

https://youtu.be/qa60VAl6fQA

Model 5 – Smart Helmet with Modern Advance feature |Project #256

Model 6 – How to make smart Bike helmet project | with details – Project #255

Model 7 – Smart Safety bike Helmet Project using Arduino Microcontroller Controller | Project #250

Code of the project:

// Code copyright to "Circuits Bazaar" 
// This code is for Model number 1 & 6. 
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(3, 13, 9, 10, 11, 12);
int buz = 2;
int alc = 0;
int sw = 1;
int mt = 8;

void setup()
{

pinMode(buz,OUTPUT);
pinMode(alc,INPUT);
pinMode(sw,INPUT);
pinMode(mt,OUTPUT);


  
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  // Print a message to the LCD.
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Smart bike");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print("   helmet");
      
 
  
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(mt,LOW);


delay(1000);
 digitalWrite(mt,HIGH);
  digitalWrite(buz,LOW);
delay(1000);
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("PLEASE PUT");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print(" HELMET");
while(digitalRead(sw)==HIGH);
digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
      lcd.clear();
}

//Main Loop To Calculate RPM and Update LCD Display
void loop()
{

if(digitalRead(sw)==LOW)
{
  
    lcd.clear();
  digitalWrite(mt,LOW);
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("IGNITION ON");
  while( digitalRead(alc)==HIGH && digitalRead(sw)==LOW);
  }

  if(digitalRead(sw)==HIGH)
{     lcd.clear();
     lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("               ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print(" NO HELMET");
  
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buz,LOW);
delay(500);
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buz,LOW);
delay(500);
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buz,LOW);
delay(500);
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
delay(500);
   
    if(digitalRead(sw)==HIGH)
{  
 digitalWrite(mt,HIGH);
  while( digitalRead(alc)==HIGH && digitalRead(sw)==HIGH);

}
}

  if(digitalRead(alc)==LOW)
{  lcd.clear();
     lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("               ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("ALCOHOL DETECTED");
  
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buz,LOW);
delay(500);
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buz,LOW);
delay(500);
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buz,LOW);
delay(500);
   digitalWrite(buz,HIGH);
delay(500);
   
    if(digitalRead(alc)==LOW)
{  
 digitalWrite(mt,HIGH);
  while( digitalRead(alc)==LOW );

}
}


  


}

Results and Conclusion:

Nowadays, most cases of accidents are caused by motorbikes. The severity of those accidents is increased because of the absence of helmets or by the usage of alcoholic drinks. In our project, we have a tendency to develop an electronic intelligent helmet system that efficiently checks the wearing of helmets and drunken driving. By implementing this system a safe 2-wheeler journey is possible which would decrease the head injuries throughout accidents caused by the absence of a helmet and additionally reduce the accident rate due to drunken driving.

The designed system is highly useful to avoid accidents which happen around the night time. It provides more than 70% safety for two-wheelers. It is a fact that the implementation of the system will increase the cost of vehicles but it is better to have some percent safety rather than having no percentage of safety. This system could be further enhanced with future technologies to provide further safety and security to vehicle systems.

ADVANTAGES:-

The system will ensure that the motorbike will not start unless the rider is wearing a helmet and has not consumed alcohol.

Also, GSM technology is used to inform family members in case of an accident.

It will help to reduce the number of road accidents which are very frequent in a country like India where the traffic is very high.

It will help to create awareness about the need to wear helmets during bike riding.

 DISADVANTAGES:-

The bike will not start unless we wear the helmet.

Miss-handling of the helmet may cause unnecessary message alert.

The cost of the project is high.

Scope for Future Work:

In future, we have planned to construct our intelligent system at a compact size and additionally as globally acceptable to avoid accidents because of bikes.

Can be modified for four-wheelers.

GPS can be used to track the location of an accident.

Light dimmer sensors can be used to dim the light automatically when light from other vehicles falls on it.

To book the project Click Here