How to Make Automatic Vehicle Presence-Based Street Light System | Innovative Project

In an era of rapid urbanization, energy conservation has become a top priority. One innovative solution to this challenge is the Automatic Vehicle Presence-Based Street Light System, an energy-efficient lighting system designed to enhance street lighting while minimizing power consumption. This blog delves deep into the project, explaining its functionality, components, benefits, and applications. Let’s explore how this project can revolutionize street lighting systems while contributing to sustainable urban development.

Introduction

Conventional street lighting systems operate continuously during the night, consuming significant amounts of electricity even when there is no vehicular activity. This results in energy wastage and increased carbon emissions. The Automatic Vehicle Presence-Based Street Light System is an innovative engineering project that addresses this issue. It operates street lights dynamically, turning them on only when a vehicle is detected, thus saving energy and reducing operational costs.

This project employs advanced technologies, including IR sensors, a microcontroller, and relays, to create a fully automated and smart lighting solution. The system is ideal for highways, residential areas, and parking lots, making it a significant step towards smart city infrastructure.

Video Demonstration

1. In Hindi Language

2. In English Language

Components Used

The following components form the backbone of this innovative project:

1. Microcontroller (8051)
   • Central processing unit for controlling all operations.
   • Features multiple I/O pins to interface with sensors and relays.
2. IR Sensors
   • Detect vehicle presence using infrared light reflection.
   • Active-low configuration ensures accurate signal detection.
3. Relays
   • Serve as electrically controlled switches for turning lights on/off.
   • Handle high-power street lights seamlessly.
4. Power Supply
   • Provides stable DC voltage for components.
   • 5V DC for the microcontroller and sensors; 12V DC for relays.
5. Street Lights
   • LED or conventional street lights that are controlled dynamically.
6. Crystal Oscillator
   • Ensures precise timing for the microcontroller.
7. Passive Components
   • Includes resistors and capacitors for stabilizing the circuit.

Circuit Diagram

Summary

In this circuit a solar-powered lighting system with battery backup, controlled by an 8051 microcontroller. It includes IR sensors for input, relays to control power to LED strips, a solar panel for energy harvesting, a diode for preventing reverse current flow, a voltage regulator to provide a stable 5V supply, and a toggle switch for manual control. The microcontroller likely manages the behavior of the lighting system based on the input from the IR sensors.

Click for Project PPT & Synopsis

Working Principle

The system’s operation revolves around vehicle detection and dynamic light activation:

1. IR Sensor Detection
   • Used to detect objects or motion within its range. It has an output pin along with power (VCC) and ground (GND) pins.
   • Each IR sensor detects the presence of a vehicle within its range.
   • When a vehicle passes a sensor, it sends a signal to the microcontroller.
2. Microcontroller Processing
   • The microcontroller processes input signals from sensors.
   •  A popular 8-bit microcontroller used for a variety of applications, with multiple I/O ports.
   • It activates the appropriate relay to turn on the corresponding street light.
3. Dynamic Lighting Control
   • The street light ahead of the vehicle turns on, while previously activated lights turn off.
   • This ensures only the necessary lights are illuminated, conserving energy.
4. System Reset
   • As the vehicle moves beyond the range of the last sensor, all lights turn off.
5. Power Supply
6. Solar Panel: Converts solar energy into electrical energy, providing a renewable power source for the circuit.
7. 7.4V Battery: Acts as a backup power source when solar energy is insufficient.
8. 7805 Voltage Regulator: Provides a regulated 5V output from a higher voltage input.
9. Switching Devices
10. 5V Relay: An electromechanical switch that allows control of a high-power circuit by a low-power signal from the microcontroller.
11. Toggle Switch SPST: A single-pole single-throw switch used for manual control of the circuit.
12. Protection
13. Diode: Prevents reverse current flow, protecting the circuit from potential damage.
14. Output Devices
15. 12V White LED Strip: Provides lighting when powered.

Wiring Details

8051 Microcontroller

• Port 1 pins (P1.0, P1.1, P1.2) are connected to the output pins of the IR sensors.
• Port 2 pins (P2.0, P2.1, P2.2) are connected to the input pins of the relays.

IR Sensors

• VCC pins are connected to the 5V supply through a toggle switch.
• GND pins are connected to the common ground.
• OUT pins are connected to the microcontroller’s input pins.

Solar Panel

• Positive pin is connected to the anode of the diode.
• Negative pin is connected to the common ground.

7.4V Battery

• Positive pin is connected to the common terminal of the relays and the input of the voltage regulator.
• Negative pin is connected to the common ground.

7805 Voltage Regulator

• Vin is connected to the 7.4V battery.
• Gnd is connected to the common ground.
• Vout provides the regulated 5V supply to the circuit.

5V Relays

• Common terminal is connected to the 7.4V battery.
• Normally Closed pins are connected to the positive pins of the LED strips.
• VCC pins are connected to the 5V supply.
• GND pins are connected to the common ground.
• In pins are controlled by the microcontroller.

12V White LED Strips

• Positive pins are connected to the Normally Closed pins of the relays.
• GND pins are connected to the common ground.

Diode

• Cathode is connected to the common terminal of the relays and the input of the voltage regulator.
• Anode is connected to the positive pin of the solar panel.

Toggle Switch SPST

• COM pin is connected to the 5V supply.
• L1 pin is connected to the Vout of the voltage regulator.

Applications

The Automatic Vehicle Presence-Based Street Light System has a wide range of practical applications:

• Highways and Expressways
  • Reduces energy consumption during low-traffic hours.
• Residential Areas
  • Provides safe and efficient lighting in local streets.
• Industrial Complexes
  • Enhances safety and visibility in factory premises.
• Parking Lots
  • Improves visibility only when vehicles are present.

Code

Here i have the complete code of the project

// Code Developer @circuitsbazaar

#include<reg51.h> 

// Define relays for four lights
sbit relay1 = P2^0;  // Relay 1 controls Light 1, connected to Port 2 Pin 0
sbit relay2 = P2^1;  // Relay 2 controls Light 2, connected to Port 2 Pin 1
sbit relay3 = P2^2;  // Relay 3 controls Light 3, connected to Port 2 Pin 2
sbit relay4 = P2^3;  // Relay 4 controls Light 4, connected to Port 2 Pin 3

// Define input pins for four IR sensors (Active Low)
sbit sensor1 = P1^0;  // Sensor 1, connected to Port 1 Pin 0
sbit sensor2 = P1^1;  // Sensor 2, connected to Port 1 Pin 1
sbit sensor3 = P1^2;  // Sensor 3, connected to Port 1 Pin 2
sbit sensor4 = P1^3;  // Sensor 4, connected to Port 1 Pin 3

// Function to create a delay
void delay(unsigned int d) 
{
    unsigned int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < d; i++)  // Outer loop for delay duration
        for (j = 0; j < 300; j++);  // Inner loop for finer delay
}

// Function to turn off all the lights
void turnOffAllLights() {
    relay1 = 1;  // Turn off Light 1 (relay is deactivated)
    relay2 = 1;  // Turn off Light 2 (relay is deactivated)
    relay3 = 1;  // Turn off Light 3 (relay is deactivated)
    relay4 = 1;  // Turn off Light 4 (relay is deactivated)
}

// Main program
void main() 
{
    while (1)  // Infinite loop to continuously check sensors
    {
        // Check if vehicle is at Sensor 1 (Active Low)
        if (sensor1 == 0 && sensor2 == 1 && sensor3 == 1 && sensor4 == 1) 
        {
            turnOffAllLights();  // Turn off all lights first
            relay1 = 0;  // Turn on Light 1 (activate relay)
            while (sensor1 == 0);  // Wait until the vehicle moves away from Sensor 1
            delay(5);  // Small delay for stability
        }

        // Check if vehicle is at Sensor 2 (Active Low)
        if (sensor1 == 1 && sensor2 == 0 && sensor3 == 1 && sensor4 == 1) 
        {
            turnOffAllLights();  // Turn off all lights first
            relay2 = 0;  // Turn on Light 2 (activate relay)
            while (sensor2 == 0);  // Wait until the vehicle moves away from Sensor 2
            delay(5);  // Small delay for stability
        }

        // Check if vehicle is at Sensor 3 (Active Low)
        if (sensor1 == 1 && sensor2 == 1 && sensor3 == 0 && sensor4 == 1) 
        {
            turnOffAllLights();  // Turn off all lights first
            relay3 = 0;  // Turn on Light 3 (activate relay)
            while (sensor3 == 0);  // Wait until the vehicle moves away from Sensor 3
            delay(5);  // Small delay for stability
        }

        // Check if vehicle is at Sensor 4 (Active Low)
        if (sensor1 == 1 && sensor2 == 1 && sensor3 == 1 && sensor4 == 0) 
        {
            turnOffAllLights();  // Turn off all lights first
            relay4 = 0;  // Turn on Light 4 (activate relay)
            while (sensor4 == 0);  // Wait until the vehicle moves away from Sensor 4
            delay(5);  // Small delay for stability
        }
    }
}

PCB Design Files

Here you will get the eagle software PCB Files and the circuit Diagram . Click on the below link.

Download the Files

Advantages

This smart street lighting system offers numerous benefits:

• Energy Efficiency
  • Drastically reduces power consumption by operating lights only when required.
• Cost Savings
  • Minimizes electricity bills and maintenance costs.
• Automation
  • Requires no manual intervention, making it user-friendly.
• Environment-Friendly
  • Decreases carbon footprint by lowering energy use.

Disadvantages

While the system has several benefits, it also has a few limitations:

• High Initial Setup Cost
  • Requires significant investment for installation.
• Weather Dependence
  • IR sensors may have reduced efficiency in adverse weather conditions like heavy rain or fog.
• Maintenance Requirements
  • Regular upkeep of sensors and relays is necessary for optimal performance.

Future Scope

The future of smart street lighting systems is bright, with potential for integration into larger smart city initiatives. Here are some enhancements that can be explored:

• IoT Integration
  • Enable remote monitoring and control via mobile apps or cloud platforms.
• Solar Power Utilization
  • Incorporate solar panels to achieve energy independence.
• Advanced Sensors
  • Use LiDAR or camera-based sensors for more accurate detection.
• Scalability
  • Expand the system to cover larger areas and connect with other smart city infrastructure.

Conclusion

The Automatic Vehicle Presence-Based Street Light System is a pioneering project that addresses energy conservation and automation challenges in urban infrastructure. Its innovative design, efficiency, and scalability make it a game-changer for modern cities. By adopting this technology, cities can achieve sustainable development goals while improving public safety and reducing costs.

Embrace the future of smart lighting and transform urban environments with this innovative project!